ChildTrafficking

[|drug addiction articles] [|drug addiction in the philippines] [|drug rehab centers in illinois] [|chest pain right side] **Slamming the Brakes on Child Trafficking ** toc



=History and Causes of Child Trafficking =

Child Trafficking is an epidemic all over the world. It occurs in impoverished countries and even fully developed ones such as the United States. Trafficking takes many forms such as sexual exploitation, forced labor services, slavery, servitude, removal of organs, illicit international adoption, and the list goes on. There are various types of child trafficking. One type has strongly existed since the Industrial Revolution. In the 1830s, the English Parliament set up a commission to look into the problems of working children. (Child Labor). One worker in a textile mill said that he first started working there at the age of eight, and that he worked from 6AM to 8PM with a one hour break at noon. (Child Labor). About 750,000 child workers under the age of 15 were reported in the 1870 census. (Child Labor). Rapid industrialization occurred after 1870, and for the next 40 years child labor increased in both number and percentage of the child population. (Child Labor).As a result the campaign fo child labor laws became an important reform removement and remained so far more than 50 years. (Child Labor). The first thing that comes to mind when someone asks the question, ”what causes child trafficking?” is poverty. Poverty is one of the greatest causes of child trafficking. Parents that are subjected to extreme poverty may sell their children to traffickers so that they can gain income or pay off debts, and in some cases, the parents are tricked into thinking their children will have a better life (“Human”). For example, in Cambodia, a five-year-old girl named Srey was sold into a brothel by her parents. According to HumanTrafficking.org, “The amount they got for their daughter is unknown, but the price has ranged from $100 down to as little as $10.” (“Sex”) Another major cause to child trafficking is inadequate educational opportunities (“Child”). Education is very important to the parents in some cases so the traffickers will use that to their advantage to obtain children. They will promise better educational opportunities to the families but only end up delivering the children into slavery (“Trafficking”) “Trafficking forces children to work instead of receiving an education. This can reinforce the cycle of poverty and illiteracy which stunts national development” (“Trafficking”). In India, a 15 year old boy was offered a job with good cloths and an education. He accepted the offer but he did not obtain this job. Instead, he was sold to a slave trader who took him to a remote village in India to produce hand-woven carpets (“Trafficking”). Another one of the myriad of causes of child trafficking is a weak legal and social protection system. When children leave their country for opportunity promised by traffickers in another country, the border official will usually turn a blind eye at the situation and do nothing to prevent what is going on. In fact, the prospect of additional income motivates the traffickers and the border officials and weak law enforcement only facilitate their actions (“Chapter”).

**Trafficking is a Violation of Fundamental Rights** “Trafficking in children is a global problem affecting large numbers of children. Some estimates have as many as 1.2 million children being trafficked every year. There is a demand for trafficked children as cheap labor or for sexual exploitation. Children and their families are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking, believing that better employment and lives lie in other countries. Child trafficking is lucrative and linked with criminal activity and corruption. It is often hidden and hard to address. Trafficking always violates the child’s right to grow up in a family environment. In addition, children who have been trafficked face a range of dangers, including violence and sexual abuse. Trafficked children are even arrested and detained as illegal aliens.”(Unicef). UNICEF estimates that 1,000 to 1,500 Guatemalan babies and children are trafficked each year for adoption by couples in North America and Europe. “ Girls as young as 13 (mainly from Asia and Eastern Europe) are trafficked as “mail-order brides.” In most cases these girls and women are powerless and isolated and at great risk of violence. Large numbers of children are being trafficked in West and Central Africa, mainly for domestic work but also for sexual exploitation and to work in shops or on farms. Nearly 90 per cent of these trafficked domestic workers are girls. Children from Togo, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana are trafficked to Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Cameroon and Gabon. Children are trafficked both in and out of Benin and Nigeria. Some children are sent as far away as the Middle East and Europe.”(Unicef) “Sexual activity is often seen as a private matter, making communities reluctant to act and intervene in cases of sexual exploitation. These attitudes make children more vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Myths, such as the belief that HIV/AIDS can be cured through sex with a virgin, technological advances such as the Internet which has facilitated child pornography, and sex tourism targeting children, all add to their vulnerability.”(Unicef) “Child trafficking, one of the modern evils includes recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring of children for the purpose of exploiting them. Child trafficking almost always is synonymous with child sexual exploitation. Child trafficking is also synonymous with developing and under-developed countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. What is astonishing is the recent report that British-born children have been victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation. In the heartland of Europe, where people assume the safety of children, traffickers and pimps have been using young children for the purposes of prostitution, drug trafficking and crimes as well. A recent government report talks about an ‘emerging issue’ of British children being trafficked within the U.K. Children in Britain, as many as 18,000 may have been victims of child sexploitation. Shockingly, most venues for these exploitations take place in ‘very, very, ordinary’ places such as lower middle class and middle class neighborhoods and most neighbors don’t suspect anything to be wrong either. Out of the 800 or more premises that were raided, about 600 of them were residential, 157 were massage parlors, saunas, nail bars and the like which are more likely to turn out to be brothels. Another appalling fact seems to be the method of these traffickers. Men, usually older, lure girls with drugs and gifts of money in cash and kind, act as boyfriends and groom the girls to be prostitutes. The girls usually go ‘missing’ from home to be with their boyfriends who are actually pimps, and succumb to prostitution due to violence and threats. The girls will have to provide sexual favors to the boyfriend’s ‘friends’. Most are subjected to rape, violence, and forced to traffic and peddle drugs. Some girls, as young as 12 are forced to perform sexual acts up to 20 times a night. Majority of the victims are from China and South-east Asian countries with a smaller number of girls from Eastern Europe. Girls who are not citizens of U.K and are staying illegally have been granted up to 45 days of grace to stay on. Another issue is that of the resistance by the girls to be rescued, that is, they believe they are better off in their present condition than being rescued and according to the police, they go to extra-ordinary lengths to escape rescuers. The police so far have made 232 arrests but that is not a reason to rejoice as the problems seems to be deep rooted. The authorities are in Britain are taking all the steps they possibly could, to track the traffickers and the girls. So far, it has been an annoyingly slow and disturbing job for those trying to rescue and rehabilitate the girls.”(Stolen Child hood) <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is why we need to stop this global crime. “It's an exotic vacation destination, with ancient cities, bold colors, legendary temples, remarkable beauty — and horrendous crimes that go on behind closed doors. Children, some as young as 5 years old, are being sold as slaves for sex. It's a shameful secret that's now capturing the attention of the world and the White House, a secret that has been exposed by Dateline's hidden cameras. Dateline ventured into this dark place, where sexual predators can gain access to terrified children for a handful of cash. How could this be happening? And how can it be stopped? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Inside the world of child sex trafficking, each year, by some estimates, hundreds of thousands of girls and boys are bought, sold or kidnapped and then forced to have sex with grown men. Dateline’s investigation leads to the troubled and distant land of Cambodia. We reveal what “tourists,” like one American doctor, may be up to, and we'll take you inside a dramatic operation to rescue the children. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The night clubs of Bangkok and the windows of Amsterdam are among the most well-known destinations in what has become a multibillion-dollar industry: sex tourism. But the business is not all about adult prostitution. There are some places you might never have heard about, notorious places, the kind of places a sexual predator would be willing to travel halfway around the world to reach — destinations like a dusty village in Southeast Asia, where the prey is plentiful and easy to stalk.They are children born into poverty and sold for sex. And while the thousands of men who flock here each year — many of them Americans — may think that they're involved in nothing more than prostitution, by any definition it is rape. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The small Buddhist country of Cambodia has a rich cultural heritage, but it has become a magnet for people who prey on the young and innocent. To follow their trail, we'll have to infiltrate their perverted world and pretend we're predators ourselves. It’s the only way we'll be able to see first-hand how serious the problem really is — so serious that President Bush told the United Nations it has become a top priority for his administration. Secretary of State Colin Powell is leading the administration's efforts and has a special office dedicated to the problem. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Chris Hansen:** “Why has child sex trafficking become such an important issue for you and the Bush administration?” <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Colin Powell:** “Because it's the worst kind of human exploitation imaginable. Can you imagine young children, learning their ABCs or whatever the equivalent is in their language, being used as sexual slaves for predators? It is a sin against humanity, and it is a horrendous crime.”

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**On the Front Lines** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">To combat that crime, increasingly the administration has been turning to people like Gary Haugen, a former federal prosecutor who runs a human rights group called the International Justice Mission. Haugen's group uses tactics that are considered controversial by some in the human rights community. He sends his investigators undercover to gather evidence of sex slavery in other countries, then takes the evidence to local authorities to persuade them to take action. Their work helped rescue hundreds of women and children around the world. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">This time the target is Cambodia, and a Dateline team is headed there undercover. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">After an 11,000-mile journey, our producer and cameraman set up shop in a hotel in the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, where they assemble our state-of-the-art equipment and rig themselves with hidden cameras. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cambodia still suffers from a traumatic past. In the 1970s and ’80s, an estimated 2 million Cambodians died because of war, famine and a brutal dictatorship. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Now there are signs of recovery, thanks in part to the three-quarters-of-a-million foreign visitors who come to Cambodia each year. Our hidden cameras found that many tourists come not to visit the historic sites, but for another purpose. They go to a place like Martinis. It's a nightclub where young women outnumber men 10 to one, and many of the women are for sale. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Even though prostitution is illegal in Cambodia, finding a girlfriend for the night at Martinis takes just a few words, a few dollars, and a stroll out the door. But the action at Martinis pales compared with what else we're about to see in Cambodia. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Early one morning, our producer walks out the front door of the hotel and is greeted by a local motor bike taxi driver, who explains how easy it is to find girls for sale: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Twelve-year-olds for sale. As shocking as that sounds, we're about to find out in some places that's considered old. Children who should be in elementary school are being exploited by adults. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">A human rights investigator we'll call Robert is acting as a sex tour guide for a Dateline producer and cameraman posing undercover. The investigator is a former police detective from New Zealand. We agreed not to show his face or use his real name, because of his ongoing undercover work. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Robert has developed local contacts who know where to go and whom to see. All it takes is a quick phone call for this man to arrange a visit to a brothel in Phnom Penh. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The producers and investigators arrive across from what looks like a local café, but it's really a brothel. The owner is a woman who goes by the name Madam Lang. She's eager to do business. She leads the group through the café and up a back staircase to meet some girls for hire. And when she says they're girls, she means it literally: young girls, younger than we even imagined. And as an extra attraction, she says they're still virgins.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Trapped in Tragedy** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many sex tourists come to Cambodia for exactly that reason, and they're willing to pay a premium. Madam Lang tells us her virgins go for $600, and for that price she says we can take a girl back to the hotel and keep her there for up to three days. When she brings out the girl, the 15-year-old looks paralyzed with fear. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">A child's tragic journey into the sex trade often begins in a family struggling for survival. This is a country where the average income is less than $300 a year. Some children are sold by their own parents. Others are lured by what they think are legitimate job offers like waitressing, but then are forced into prostitution. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">One 14-year-old, who was recently freed from a brothel, says she came from an extremely poor family in the country next door, Vietnam. She says when she was walking home from school one day, she was approached by a woman offering work in a café. But the café turned out to be a brothel. With no money and no way to get home, she didn't have much of a choice and was forced into sex with grown men, many of them American. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">At best the girls' families get a few hundred dollars, a debt the girls then owe to the brothel owners. It can take years to work it off. It's a form of slavery. And when this girl refused to go along, she says she was beaten: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Girl:** “I thought, I am here to serve coffee, not be a prostitute. But the boss told me that I had to be a prostitute. She forced me, and I was scared. I did not want to go with those men, but being beaten was worse.” <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">So she tried to run away. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Girl:** “I got captured. They forced me into a room for three days and three nights. They beat me. They did not let me have anything to eat or drink. And they sold me to a different brothel.” <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">All this comes as no secret to the Cambodian government. Mu Soc Hua is Cambodia’s minister of women's affairs. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Hansen:** "Cambodia has a lot of problems. Where do you rank the child sex trade?" <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Mu Soc Hua:** "I rank sexual trade, sexual exploitation of our children as top — on the top of my list." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Hansen:** "Is there any way to even attach a number to this to say how many children?" <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Mu Soc Hua:** "Around 30,000." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Hansen:** "That's a staggering number." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Mu Soc Hua:** "Yes. Yes." <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Inside Phnom Phenh** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">She says it's happening all over the country, but there's one place that is notorious. Any taxi driver can tell you it's //the// place to go if you're looking for the youngest girls. Svay Pak is a rundown village on the outskirts of Phnom Penh. A 20-minute drive, and we're on a dirt road dotted with cafes and gated storefronts. It takes just a second for a pimp to approach. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Everyone in Svay Pak assumes we are here for sex. When we sit down at one of the cafes, we're greeted by a young hustler named Po. He's only 15 but already a real operator. He tells us he's grown up in the village and introduces his mother — who knows exactly what he's up to and takes a cut of the money he brings in. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Po says he can get us girls who are even younger than the ones we saw at that brothel in the city. And despite all we've seen, we're stunned at just how young he says they are — 8-year-olds. It's hard to believe. He tells us to come see for ourselves. Along with a human rights investigator, we follow Po through some alleys into a ramshackle house. We think we've already seen it all, but who could be prepared for this? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Girls, some so young they could be in kindergarten, are all for sale. Throughout the village, we see the same scene at one brothel after another. Everyone here seems to know a little English. When they talk about sex, they use simple child-like terms anyone can understand. "Yum-yum" means oral sex. "Boom-boom" means intercourse. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">We meet dozens of children. One girl says she's nine. She's joined by another who says she's 10. Both say they know how to perform oral sex. And they even tell us how much it will cost: $60 for two girls. A pimp says if two girls aren't enough, how about three? <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Our team then leaves saying we may come back later. In the car, the grim reality has set in for the International Justice Mission’s chief investigator, Bob Mosier. In 20 years as a cop, he says, he's never seen anything like this. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Bob Mosier:** “You have an 8-year-old or 9-year-old little girl you know just looking at you smiling, realizing that you're going to in just a few moments possibly, probably going to engage in a sexual act they're going to get money for, and they're smiling about it. I mean I see a smile like that on my kids' face when they're finding out they're going to go to Disney World or something like that.” <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">But the tourists in Svay Pak are a far cry from the ones you see at Disney World, and they're not anxious to talk about why they're here. But last year, a human rights investigator with a hidden camera found a visitor who was willing to admit he was not visiting for the scenic beauty or the local cuisine.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**The American 'Tourist'** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">When the camera was hidden, an American prowling Svay Pak was happy to brag about his exploits. He’s an American doctor, whom we saw repeatedly while we were in Cambodia. Dr. Jerry Albom is radiologist from Oklahoma, but on the streets of Svay Pak he offers pointers to a man he believes is a sex tourist. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The International Justice Mission’s Gary Haugen says he'd like to see people like Dr. Albom and the pimps who supply him put out of action. Haugen has a plan. He wants to mount a daring operation, to bust the pimps and to rescue the children. Now the question is can he put his plan into action. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">What he can do, he hopes, is prompt the government there to join his cause. But this is Cambodia, so chaotic it's hard to cross the street much less get the police to take action. If you really want results, what you need is the blessing of senior Cambodian government officials. But getting their attention requires help from someone with real clout. So Haugen has taken his evidence to the U.S. ambassador, who in turn has agreed to make the case.

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= = =<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Proof of Child Trafficking =

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">** Child Trafficking: Is It That Big a Problem? **

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The simple answer: yes, child trafficking is a major issue, affecting millions of adolescents each year. What exactly is child trafficking and what does it entail? The United Nations has a definition: <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trafficking is the illicit and clandestine movement of persons across national and international borders, largely from developing countries and some countries in transition with the end goal of forcing women, girls and children into sexually or economically oppressive and exploitative situations for the profit of the recruiters, traffickers, crime syndicates, as well as other illegal activities related to trafficking such as forced domestic labor. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Traffickers will use unsavory schemes in order to lure women and children into positions where they can be sold into prostitution, used as forced labor, or coerced into giving up their organs for transplantation. (Everts) Countless children have been victimized sexually, mentally, and emotionally. These children are subjected to the cruelest, most inhumane treatment that will leave them forever haunted. Child trafficking is not limited to a specific culture or area; it has permeated to all corners of the globe. Child trafficking has been able to last for so long because people don’t fully understand the severity of the problem. But when presented with the tremendous amount of statistics and the numerous shocking testimonials it is evident that child trafficking is one of the largest, most horrific global crimes we face today. In order to prevent this tragedy from growing, the international community must first realize the dire nature of the problem. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nothing is more traumatizing to a child than being forcibly torn from his or her family. Unfortunately, approximately 1.2 million children succumb to this fate each year. (“UNICEF”) According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in America alone 300,000 children are at risk every year for commercial sexual exploitation. In 2004 the U.S. Department of State Trafficking issued a in Persons Report that stated 600, 000 – 800,000 people are bought and sold across international borders each year; 50% of which are children. (“Child Trafficking Statistics”) The impact such an event has on trafficked children is proof that it is truly something the world should take notice of. The trafficking of children leads to decreased levels of education and increased levels of neglect, child labor, sexual abuse, and HIV infection. (“UNICEF”) “Child laborers and prostitutes exist in such large numbers for a very simple, yet horrific, reason: they are cheap commodities. They can be paid the least, exploited the most, and due to the largely invisible status of the most vulnerable children, have virtually no power against their oppressors. Children cost less than cattle; a cow or buffalo costs an average 20,000 rupees, but a child can be bought and traded; like an animal for 500 to 2,000 rupees.” (Shelley) Children are easy prey for criminals because they are submissive and often are not aware of their rights when faced with these issues. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) Such was the case of Bolivian native Victoria Marka Mamani, who worked as a domestic servant in the highly populated capital city, La Paz. (Ludwick) Her employer made Mamani sleep on a bed constructed of tires and newspaper in the cramped space of the bathroom and forced her to cut her hair, which was kept in the traditional style of her culture. (Ludwick) How was this unjust treatment allowed to continue? “I was barely twelve. I didn't know my rights,” said Mamani. (Ludwick) Another case tells a similar story: a 14-year-old recently freed from a brothel says she came from an extremely poor family in Vietnam. She says when she was walking home from school one day she was approached by a woman offering work in a café. Unfortunately, the café turned out to be a brothel. With no money and no way to get home, she didn't have much of a choice and was forced into sex with grown men, many of them American. (“Children”) Until given proper attention, traffickers will continue to prey on the weaknesses of children under the control of others. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">One of the biggest concerns of child trafficking is the fact that it is linked to so many other aspects of global crime. For instance, trafficked children are used for a variety of purposes, such as labor, prostitution, and other economical gain. It has been tied to money laundering and false documentation as well. (Smith) The crime rings responsible for child trafficking also often use the same systems of transportation when trafficking as when they move illegal weapons and drugs. (Everts) Trafficking leads to the weakening of the government’s power to keep order in society, especially in less developed countries. (Everts) According to the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ambassador, Daan Everts, “criminal networks seem to only focus on one thing: which profit is higher at any given point in time.” So far, criminals gain the largest sum of money from trafficking as $32 billion is generated every year in the industry. (“Children”) More profit is made globally from human trafficking than from the sale of illegal drugs. (Everts) <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Probably the most serious obstacle in fighting child trafficking is that people worldwide are ignorant of the widespread nature of the issue. Contrary to popular belief, human trafficking does not solely affect developing countries. (Smith) The U.S. and European countries also incur a large number of cases concerning child trafficking. In developed countries, the abuse is usually hidden by the pretense of domestic help. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) Younger children are forced to work for little or no pay, and denied basic educational and medical services. In parts of Africa, the structure of the extended family assists in making abuse hard to identify as it is normal for children in most parts of Africa to live away from their parents. Instead, it’s common to find them living with relatives in densely populated cities. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) Amina Titi Atiku, founder of WOTCLEF, a Nigeria-based organization that fights child trafficking, explains that the practice is “very familiar to everybody and mobile in character.” (“Child”) No one would suspect this as a potentially abusive relationship. The fact that both Europe and Africa are the hardest hit by trafficking eliminates the preconception that trafficking is only a problem in the poorest, least developed nations. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Human trafficking is a global epidemic that is growing at an astonishing rate, and will continue to grow if it remains unacknowledged. Every year, millions of individuals are denied their basic rights to education, healthcare, security, nutrition, and most importantly the right to choose what role they should play in society. (“Child Trafficking: Cultural”) Most are sexually abused, denied basic education, exposed to drugs, and live in dangerous environments where they have no right to autonomy. The human trafficking trade and other crimes such as drug trafficking, extortion, and prostitution are all intertwined. The most important way of preventing this crime is by raising global awareness of the issue. Child trafficking affects every country, a fact that should no longer be denied if all nations are to unite to achieve an advantageous solution to this tragedy. We can no longer continue to turn a blind eye to this horrific crime; we must act before more innocent lives are ruined.

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=<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The Effects of Child Trafficking =

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Human trafficking occurs all around the world. Mostly young women and children are forced into slavery and/or prostitution. Most of whom are all 21 years of age and younger. "Women above the age of 21 only count for about 4.4% of all women trafficked into prostitution." (Surana) Yes, these women and children are victims, but they have consequences too. They tend to believe all that has happened to them is their fault, like they could have done something to stop it. But in reality, they really couldn't have done anything. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">When children are captured and trafficked, they lose all their rights and their ability to have a nice childhood and grow up healthy. They are abused and traumatized, and it stays with them forever. To have that vision and memory of what happened to them eventually drives them crazy. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">According to the National Human Trafficking Resource Center, trafficking victims have both physical and psychological effects. Most physical effects are "sleeping and eating disorders, STDs, body pain from working in the sex industry, and cardiovascular or respiratory problems from working in sweatshops."(Administration) The psychological or mental effects are "fear and anxiety, depression, guilt, cultural shock from with drawl from their environment, posttraumatic stress disorder, and traumatic bonding with the trafficker."(Administration) Most of the victims have to receive medical attention to get over their significant problems. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Most people think human trafficking only happens in India, China, or third-world countries; but it has occurred here in the United States. Theresa Flores, a young women from Detroit was trafficked as a sex slave when she was only fifth-teen. "I was an Irish-Catholic, middle-class girl that lived in the suburbs. I had a nice family, I was a good kid, I didn't party, and I wasn't loose. I was just a normal, everyday kid," Flores said. (Celizic) Flores was a religious young lady and having sex before marriage was against her religion. When she got raped, she was ashamed; she felt like she could have done something to stop him. This was a different type of human trafficking. She was able to go to school and home every day, but anytime the boy or his cousins wanted her, she had to go or they would blackmail her with pictures of them together. She felt ashamed because she didn't tell anyone about what those boys were doing to her. She didn't think anyone would believe her and the boys threatened to expose her. The psychological torture ate her alive. (Celizic) <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">"In India, very poor children and minors, poor illiterates and the unmarried become easy victims of the inner-state trafficking. (Surana) “Most of these people are out on the streets and it's easier for them to get captured. These victims are terribly tortured, sexually assaulted, raped, gang raped and I'm sure other things no one couldn't even think of. "They are even burnt with cigarettes, assaulted physically, locked up, forced to consume liquor or take drugs. (Surana) “Most of these victims eventually end up committing suicide. Young girls are even sold to become personal slaves or prostitutes. According to Surana's human trafficking article, the lowest price a girl is sold is about 400 Rubees and the highest could be up to 70,000 Rubees or more. These girls have to just deal with it, or risk their lives and find a way to get away, and that rarely happens. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Human trafficking is a large epidemic that has been going on for decades. Surviving victims, family members, and jus ordinary citizens have been doing all they can to stop it. But it continues to grow. People have made organizations and projects to fight human trafficking, and they have made progress; but it that really solving the problem? Is human trafficking ever going to end?

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Future of Child Trafficking =

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Child trafficking is the exploitation of children that are bought, sold or held against their will in involuntary servitude. (“Melito”) Child trafficking is the third largest criminal industry. There are many forms of trafficking such as child labor, sex trafficking, organ trade, drug smuggling, and under-age marriages, that can happen to a child as young as nine months old. (“Child Labor”) Why do people do this to children? How can we as a global society help create environment suitable for this global crime to be abolish? What are the effects of child trafficking? What can we do to help bring the children that has been hurt or killed by this crime some closure? Let’s address the problem. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The main reason child trafficking is such a booming business in the world today is because of the large amount of money the boss or the middle man get off the cheap labor of kids. Child labor has always been the cheapest labor, next to women labor, in the world throughout history especially during the industrial revolution. The differences are that during those times children worked in factories, mines, farms or as messengers, peddlers, and newsboys. The danger then was losing a limb from getting caught on the machine, having a boss hurt you while you have no rights to claim abuse because you need the income. Child workers were in danger of catching disease such as black lung and they did not get an education. Now the dangers are more physical and mental. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Using the broken, confused minds of children, adductors or traffickers can now make the children see them as rescuers, saviors, and helpers by reminding, demonstrating and forcing with violence to make them see it their way. Making it much easier to have the children come back to them, having them also to be more complying with every whim they have, and be perfect living dolls or servants. The trick here is reinforcing the information they give to the children in to their minds again and again. For example, saying to a small child, “Your mom hates you and left you there for me to find you. And she knows what I was going to do to you. So you have no choice but to comply with me. Or we can do this the hard way again. Remember how much it hurt. So do you want to fight me again? I think not. Good girl.” That might be a regular conversation in the underworld of the traffic before the kid is put out to work. I do not have that information to prove that right or wrong but can you picture what kind of coping that child has to do to be able to sleep. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The mind of a normal human being of any race has a limit to how much stress and abuse they can take. Some children who grown up with abuse around them or have been in an abuse situation have been known to have multiple personalities, memory loss, Androphobia or fear of men, Scotophobia or fear of darkness and other phobias also. (Culbertson) It is how the mind works to cope with the pain and abuse the body has been getting from the abuser. A child might hear his father and mother fighting again over money and bills and might close his eyes and imagine himself at the beach playing with their happy family or at the playground. That is what the mind and body does when it is in danger of not handling the situation correctly on its own. It tries to remove itself from that problem and picture itself happy. Why is it many parents who suspect that their children might be in the danger of being trafficked in the UK, do not come out and ask the police for help? <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many fear the authorities might be easily swayed to giving the children to their captors for a handsome ransom. (“Child Labor”) And some studies show that half of those kids given to the habitat home went missing soon after and proving fears that the children have been returned to their captors. (“Child Labor”) The UK is the highest main point of traffic in the world with hundreds of children being trafficked to Britain. Most of these children are not caught by teachers, doctors, and social workers. (Verkaik) It is estimated that 1.2 million children are trafficked worldwide each year and are worth in the trade 22,016,005,636 U.S. dollars. (Verkaik) How can we solve these issues in our global situations today? <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many people who were traffic as kids are now head of organization that are helping find these child and help provide special medical care if needed or provide much needed counseling to help make the transformation of moving out of their horrible situation into a new life. Also helping them learn a new skill or trade to help educate and giving the tools so they can get a job in society. The organization this include the Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (ASCA), American Humane Association (AHA), and Child Welfare League of America (CWLA). Without these organizations and the support they receive from the government and people who generously give to them, most of the victims might not be our greatest heroes or government officials in the near future. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">How can we do this? By paying attention to what is happening in our neighborhoods and schools. If you suspect that someone is being abused tell an adult or authorities figure such as parent, police, teacher, and doctor. Always remember it is better to tell than to keep it to yourself because you might be saving someone’s life by telling what you know. Also if you see a suspect person lurking about tell your near familiar authorities figure. Now it is not just happening in just in other countries. Now it is happening in our own backyard.

media type="custom" key="5429975" =<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Solutions =

= = <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">As wonderful as it would be to be able to simply end child trafficking it is not that simple. In order to stop the suffering that millions of children face daily we must implement several actions. The international community must do the following: eliminate poverty, encourage education, enforce labor laws, promote fair trade, and replace child workers with adult workers.



<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">A huge part of the problem is the staggering amount of debt that countries gain when they borrow from international financial institutions. “International financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund contributed to the rise in child labor when they called on countries heavily indebted to them to reduce public expenditure on health care and new jobs. These structural adjustment programs have resulted in increased poverty and child labor. “It is critical that both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund revise their loan practices when it comes to developing countries.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ending Poverty **

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Encouraging Education** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Education is a powerful weapon that can be used to combat child trafficking. By educating children we would be giving them the tools to recognize the dangers of child trafficking and how to avoid it. Schooling would also make children less susceptible to traffickers because they would be spending their time in schools rather than wondering the streets.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Enforce Labor Laws** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Although many countries already have child labor laws in place there is a huge lack of enforcement. This is due to several reasons. One reason is that often governments turn a blind eye to the problem because of the competitive market advantage and the monetary gain. If corrupt governments are exposed and labor laws are finally enforced the world will see a decrease in child trafficking.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Promote Fair Trade** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">A worldwide fair trade movement would ensure that products made by companies that use child labor aren’t purchased. By becoming aware of where our products come from we play can play a part in liberating millions of children and bringing down corrupt companies.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Replacing Child Workers with Adults** <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are 800 million unemployed adults in the world; and yet, the number of working children is estimated to be at over 300 million. Replacing these working children with their mostly unemployed parents would result in higher family incomes (since adults are generally paid better), and the resulting rise in production costs would have little impact on exports sales. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">When simply listed these solutions seem easy but the truth is they will require tremendous international effort and support. (“Finding”)

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'trebuchet ms',helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Celizic, Mike. "Former Teen Sex Slave Says Trafficking Common". //TodayShow//. MSNBC, Feb. 13, 2009. Web. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">12 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Chapter 4: Understanding the Causes of Child Trafficking as a Precondition for Prevention." UNICEF. Web. 24 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">“Child Labor Timeline.” Leading Issues Timelines 01 Jan 2010: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 09 February 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Child Trafficking." Minga:Teens fighting the global sex trade of children. 2009. Web. 16 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">“Child Trafficking: Cultural Philanthropy Or Endemic Exploitation?.” //Global Issues In Context//. Gale, Nov. 11, 2003. Web. 8 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">“Child Trafficking in the UK for Sexual Abuse and Slavery." Ravneet (2007): n. pag. Web. 15 Jan 2010. Culbertson, Fredd. “The Phobia List.” (1995): n. pag. Web. 9 Feb 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Child Trafficking Statistics." Stop Child Trafficking Now. 2009. Web. 16 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Child Victims of Human Trafficking". //U.S.// //Department of Health and Human Services//. Administration for Children and Families, March 17, 2009. Web. 10 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Children for Sale." 9 Jan. 2005. Web. 4 Feb. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Everts, Daan. “Human Trafficking: The Ruthless Trade in Human Misery.” //SIRS Researcher//. n.p., 2003. Web. 10 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"Finding Solutions to Child Labor." // Aide internationale pour l'enfance //. Web. 5 Feb. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Goodchild, Sophie, and Jonathan Thompson. "5,000 child sex slaves in UK." (2007): n. pag. Web. 9 Feb 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">“Human Trafficking: Definition, Prevalence, and Causes.” UrbanMinistry. 04 Jan 2008. Web. 11 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">“Human Trafficking ~ Modern-day Slavery.” HFMC n. pag. Web. 9 Feb 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Melito, Thomas. "Human Trafficking: Better Data, Strategy, and Reporting Needed..." Human Trafficking: Better Data, Strategy, and Reporting Needed to Enhance U.S... July 2006: 1-40. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 10 February 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ludwick, John. “Children at Risk: Who Is Minding the Kids--And How?.” //SIRS Researcher//, Latinamerica Press, 1999, Web. 7 Feb 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ravneet. "Child trafficking in UK for sexual abuse and slavery ." 2007. Web. 16 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Seale, Shelley. “Weight of Silence: Child Labor and Trafficking.” The Weight of Silence: Invisible Children of India. 24 May 2007. Web 5 Feb. 2010 <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Sex Industry in Cambodia." HumanTrafficking. 23 Mar 2007. Web. 21 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smith, Joan. “Make No Mistake: Sex Trafficking Is Real.” //Global Issues in Context//. Gale, Oct 29, 2009. Web. 21 Dec. 2009. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Surana, Pawan. "Effect of Globalization on Human Trafficking and Forced Prostitution in India". //ChildTrafficking.com//. n.p. Web. 14 Jan. 2010 <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">“Trafficking: Better Data, Strategy, and Reporting Needed to Enhance U.S”... July 2006: 1-40. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 09 February 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Trafficking in Persons Report." U.S. Department of State. 03 Jun 2005. Web. 20 Jan 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">“UNICEF Calls For Increased Efforts To Prevent Child Trafficking.” //UN News Centre//. United Nations, Jun. 16, 2007. Web. 21 Jan. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Verkaik, Robert. “Revealed: hidden misery of children trafficked to Britain.” Independent UK (2009): n. pag. Web. 15 Jan 2010. [|available grants for non profit organizations] [|surgery simulator] [|surgery squad]

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